Interscalene block [Elektronische Ressource] : a comparison between electrostimulation and ultrasound-guided techniques / by Mohamed Hamed Salem

Universitäts- und Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm (RKU) Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie Ärztlicher Direktor: Dr. med. Peter Geiger INTERSCALENE BLOCK A Comparison between Electrostimulation and Ultrasound-Guided Techniques Dissertation Submitted for the obtainment of the Doctoral degree in Medicine from Faculty of Medicine Ulm University By Mohamed Hamed Salem Born in Tripoli, Libya 2009 Amtierender Dekan: Prof. Dr. med. Klaus-Michael Debatin 1.Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Hinrich Mehrkens 2.Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. med. Alexander Brinkmann Tag der Promotion: 17.07.2009 This Work is Dedicated To My Parents, Brothers & Sisters My Wife & Children Index List of Abbreviations 1. Introduction 1 2. Materials and Methods: 6 2.1. Criteria of Inclusion 6 2.2. Criteria of Exclusion 6 2.3. Patient Groups 7 2.4. Anatomical Considerations 7 2.5. Local Anaesthetics 14 2.6. Anaesthetic Procedure 17 2.7. Block Techniques 19 2.8. Endpoints 29 2.9. Statistical Analysis 31 3. Results 32 4. Discussion 47 5. Summary 61 6. References 63 7. Acknowledgement 75 8. Curriculum Vitae 76 List of Abbreviations aft: After. ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists.