Insulin analogues [Elektronische Ressource] : analysis of proliferative potency and characterization of receptors and signalling pathways activated in human mammary epithelial cells / presented by Ashish Shukla

    Dissertation submitted to the Combined Faculties for the Natural Sciences and for Mathematics of the Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Germany for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences INSULIN ANALOGUES: ANALYSIS OF PROLIFERATIVE POTENCY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RECEPTORS AND SIGNALLING PATHWAYS ACTIVATED IN HUMAN MAMMARY EPITHELIAL CELLS Presented by Ashish Shukla (Born in Allahabad, India) Heidelberg, 2008    INSULIN ANALOGUES: ANALYSIS OF PROLIFERATIVE POTENCY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RECEPTORS AND SIGNALLING PATHWAYS ACTIVATED IN HUMAN MAMMARY EPITHELIAL CELLS Referees: Prof. Dr. Doris Mayer Prof. Dr. Lutz Gissmann     To my Maa, Pitashri and Anurag For inspiration and wishes  Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ZUSAMENFASUNG 1 1 SUMARY 3 2 INTRODUCTION 5 2.1 Insulin 5 2.1.1 Function 5 2.1.2 Insulin synthesis 6 2.1.3 secretion 7 2. Insulin Recptor 9 2.2.1 General information 9 2.2.2 Insulin receptor signalling pathway 10 2.2.2.1 PI3K signalling pathway 11 2.2.2.2 CAP-Cbl 13 2.2.2.3 MAPK signalling pathway 14 2.2.2.4 Inhibition of insulin receptor signalling 15 2.3 Diabetes mellitus 17 2.4 Insulin Analogues 19 2.4.1 Basis for developing insulin analogues 19 2.4.