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Herbivore-induced indirect plant defences of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus, Fabaceae) [Elektronische Ressource] / von Christian Kost
169 pages
English

Herbivore-induced indirect plant defences of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus, Fabaceae) [Elektronische Ressource] / von Christian Kost

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169 pages
English
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Herbivore-induced indirect plant defences of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus, Fabaceae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt dem Rat der Biologisch-Pharmazeutischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena von Diplom-Biologe Christian Kost geboren am 9. September 1975 in Bad Sobernheim Gutachter 1. Prof. Dr. Martin Heil (Universität Duisburg-Essen, Deutschland) 2. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang W. Weisser (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Deutschland) 3. Prof. Dr. Paulo S. M. C. de Oliveira (Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasilien) Tag der Doktorprüfung: 30.01.2006 Tag der öffentlichen Verteidigung: 21.04.2006 Preface I 1 Preface This thesis is the end of a journey that lasted almost three years and that took me along the way twice to Mexico. When I look back and say that I learned a lot dur-ing this time, I mean not only scientific skills and knowledge that I acquired in the course of this interesting, inter-disciplinary project, but I also appreciate invaluable Just as much I owe thanks to Prof. experiences that I gained during my stays Wilhelm Boland (MPI for Chemical Ecol-abroad and my work in Jena. ogy) for teaching organic chemistry to an An enterprise like this Ph.D.

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Publié par
Publié le 01 janvier 2006
Nombre de lectures 18
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 5 Mo

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Herbivore-induced indirect plant defences of Lima bean
(Phaseolus lunatus, Fabaceae)



Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)


vorgelegt dem Rat der Biologisch-Pharmazeutischen Fakultät
der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena







von Diplom-Biologe
Christian Kost


geboren am 9. September 1975 in Bad Sobernheim
























Gutachter

1. Prof. Dr. Martin Heil (Universität Duisburg-Essen, Deutschland)

2. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang W. Weisser (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Deutschland)

3. Prof. Dr. Paulo S. M. C. de Oliveira (Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasilien)


Tag der Doktorprüfung: 30.01.2006


Tag der öffentlichen Verteidigung: 21.04.2006
Preface I



1



Preface
This thesis is the end of a journey that
lasted almost three years and that took me
along the way twice to Mexico. When I
look back and say that I learned a lot dur-
ing this time, I mean not only scientific
skills and knowledge that I acquired in the
course of this interesting, inter-disciplinary
project, but I also appreciate invaluable
Just as much I owe thanks to Prof.
experiences that I gained during my stays
Wilhelm Boland (MPI for Chemical Ecol-
abroad and my work in Jena.
ogy) for teaching organic chemistry to an
An enterprise like this Ph.D. project
ecologist, for always having an open door,
can certainly not be accomplished without
his contagious enthusiasm, stimulating
the help of numerous people that contrib-
discussions and his unrestricted support.
uted in numerous ways either directly or
Beyond I am indebted to Prof. Wolf-
indirectly to its success. To these people,
gang W. Weisser (FSU Jena) for kindly
that crossed my path during the past three
accepting the official supervision as a rep-
years and made this time unforgettable, I
resentative of the FSU Jena and giving me
would like to express my warm gratitude.
the opportunity to present and discuss my
First of all, I wish to thank my doctoral
results in his group’s seminar.
advisor Prof. Martin Heil (University Du-
To Silvia Schmidt I am endlessly
isburg-Essen) for the opportunity to work
grateful for her love, company during all
on this exciting project in Jena and Mex-
the years, lots of encouraging words when
ico, his invaluable support, and stimulating
things were tough and giving me the feel-
discussions throughout all stages of this
ing of not being alone.
thesis. His advice and encouragement
I owe substantial debt to Sven
were an added spur to my ambition.
Adolph and Mesmin Mekem Sonwa who
patiently taught me organic synthesis and

always kept an eye on me. Also Stefan
Photograph: Cerotoma ruficornis OLIVIER on
Bartram, Christoph Beckmann, An-a leaf of Phaseolus lunatus. Source:
CHRISTIAN KOST.
II Preface


dreas Habel, Georg Pohnert, Doreen (University of Duisburg-Essen), Paulo S.
Schachtschabel and Dieter Spiteller Oliveira (Universidade Estadual de
always stood by me with moral and practi- Campinas, Brazil), Victor Rico-Gray
cal support. (Instituto de Ecología, Veracruz, Mexico),
I am especially grateful to Anja Bie- Flavio Roces (University of Würzburg),
dermann for introducing me into various Georg Pohnert (Ecole polytechnique
methodological techniques and assisting fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland), Wolf-
me with laboratory work. Furthermore, I gang W. Weisser (Friedrich-Schiller-
am thankful to Angelika Berg for taking University Jena), Ian T. Baldwin, Wilhelm
considerable care for the Mexican bean Boland, Jesse Colangelo-Lillis, Rüdiger
beetles. A great deal of credit goes to Udo Dietrich, Maritta Kuhnert, Heiko Mai-
Kornmesser, Andreas Weber, Tamara schak, Axel Mithöfer, Birgit Schulze,
Krügel, and the rest of the greenhouse Silvia Schmidt, Thomas Wichard (all
team for raising countless plants. Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology,
For there company, help and a great Jena) as well as a number of anonymous
time in Mexico I thank Kerstin Ploss, referees.
Martin Heil and Ralf Krüger. I am espe- I especially enjoyed lively scientific
cially grateful to Perla Monica Martinez and non-scientific discussions as well as
Cruz (Universidad del Mar, Puerto Escon- tantalising games evenings with my cof-
dido, Mexico) for a warm welcome in Mex- fee-round Lars Clement and Heiko Mai-
ico as well as logistic support in the field. schak as well as with my group-spanning
Janine Rattke (Elsie Widdowson Labora- interest and discussion group Markus
tory, Cambridge) is thanked for helping Benderoth, Caroline C. von Dahl, Mar-
with the GC-MS analysis of nectar sam- kus Hartl, Anja Paschold and Silvia
ples and Manfred Verhaagh (Staatliches Schmidt.
Museum für Naturkunde, Karlsruhe) for Finally I would like to thank my family
the identification of collected ants. Further, for their love, support, encouragement and
I want to express my thanks to Birgit the privilege to realize my dream of be-
Schulze for introducing me into the se- coming a natural scientist.
crets of JA-extraction and lots of inspiring Financial support by the German
discussions. Research Foundation (DFG Grant He
Several people benefited this thesis 3169/2-1, 2, 3, 4) and the Max Planck
by discussions or reading drafts of manu- Society is gratefully acknowledged.
scripts and commenting on them. Their This work would not have been possi-
advice was time-consuming to them but ble without your help!
immensely valuable to me: Martin Heil
Contents III


Contents

Preface………………………………………………………………………………………………....I
Abbreviations, acronyms and symbols……………………………………………………………IV

1. General introduction……………………………………………………………………………….1
2. Thesis outline – List of manuscripts and author’s contribution………………………………13
3. Manuscript I
Herbivore-induced, indirect plant defences………………………………………….…18

4. Manuscript II
Protection of Lima beans by extrafloral nectar…………………………………..........47

5. Manuscript III
Airborne volatiles induce indirect plant defence……………………………………….65

6. Manuscript IV
Two indirect defences benefit Lima bean in nature……………………………………84

7. Manuscript V
Artefact formation during headspace sampling………………………………………102

8. General discussion ……………………………………………………………………………..111
9. Synthesis…………………………………………………………………………………………121
10. Summary
10.1. Summary…………………………………………………………………………….….123
10.2 Zusammenfassung…………..………………………………………………………....126
11. References………………………………………………………………………………..……129
12. Selbständigkeitserklärung……………………………………………………………….……157
13. Curriculum vitae…………...… ……………...……………………………………………..…158






IV Abbreviations, acronyms and symbols


Abbreviations, acronyms and symbols

ACC 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
A peak area of the internal standard (1-bromodecane) IS
AFLP amplified fragment length polymorphism
AOC allene oxide cyclase
AOS
ALA alamethicin
A peak area of a volatile organic compound VOC
CAM calmodulin
CDPK calcium-dependent protein kinase
CLSM closed-loop-stripping method
DDQ 4,5-Dichloro-3,6-dioxo-1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarbonitrile
DMNT (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (C -homoterpene) 11
DW dry weight
EAG electroantennogram
EF extrafloral
EFN nectar
EI-MS electron impact mass spectrometer
EI-MS act high resolution mass spectrometer
ERF ethylene-responsive transcription factor
ET ethylene
eq equivalent
FAC fatty acid–amino acid conjugate
FAD ω-3 fatty acid desaturase
Fig. figure
FPP farnesyl diphosphate
GC gas chromatography
GC-MS graph coupled to a mass spectrometer
GPP geranyl diphosphate
HI herbivore-induced
HI-VOCs Herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds
HIPV herbivore-induced plant volatile
13-HPOT 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octa-decanoid acid
HPL 13(S)-hydroperoxy-hydroperoxid lyase
HRMS high resolution mass spectrometer
Abbreviations, acronyms and symbols V


IGP indole-3-glycerol phosphate
Ind individual
JA jasmonic acid
JAs jasmonates
JMT jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase
LOX 13-lipoxygenase
+ •M molecular ion
MAP mitogen activated protein
MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
1-MCP 1-methylcyclopropene
MeJA methyl jasmonate
MeSA methyl salicylate
MKP mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase
MS mass spectrometer
MSTFA N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
OPC 8:0 3-oxo-2-(2'(Z)-pentenyl)-cyclo pentane-1-octanoic acid

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