Genetic analysis of the arable weeds Arabidopsis thaliana and Viola arvensis from agricultural fields with different use-histories [Elektronische Ressource] / Robert O'Neill

Genetic analysis of the arable weeds Arabidopsis thaliana and Viola arvensis from agricultural fields with different use-histories Robert O’Neill Contents Contents List of Figures vi List of Tables vii List of Terms and Abbreviations x Introduction 1 2 Literature Review 2 2.1 Agricultural Intensification 2 2.2 Biodiversity 3 2.3 Arable Weeds and Their Role in Biodiversity 4 2.4 Genetic Diversity and Biodiversity 5 2.5 Population Gentics 6 2.6 Detcting Gentic Diversity 8 2.6.1 Measures of Genetic Diversity 9 2.7 Microsatellites (Simple Sequence Repeats – SSRs) 10 2.7.1 Microsatellite Models of Evolution 12 2.7.2 Population Genetics Statistics for Microsatellites 13 2.8 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism 16 3 Materials and Methods 19 3.1 Sampling 19 3.1.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) HEYNH. 19 3.1.2 Viola arvensis (MURR.) 2 3.1.3 Galeopsis tetrahit 23 3.2 Sampling Locations 24 3.2.1 Sampling Technique 25 3.2.2 Plant Material for Genetic Analysis 26 3.3 Molecular Marker Techniques 27 iiContents 3.3.1 DNA Extraction 27 3.3.2 Quantification 28 3.3.3 Microsatellite Analysis 3.2.4 AFLP Analysis 30 3.2.5 Gel Electrophoresis 33 3.