DNA hypomethylation and gene expression in bladder cancer [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Olusola Yakub Dokun

Aus dem Forschungslabor der Urologischen Klinik des Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf Direktor: Prof. Dr. med. P. Albers DNA Hypomethylation and Gene Expression in Bladder Cancer Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf vorgelegt von Olusola Yakub Dokun aus Osun state, Nigeria Düsseldorf, Juni 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 DNA methylation: an overview 1 1.2 The multiple roles of DNA methylation in cancer 5 1.3 DNA hypermethylation 5 1.3.1 Causes of DNA hypermethylation 5 1.3.2 Consequences of DNA hypermethylation 7 1.4 DNA hypomethylation 8 1.4.1 Causes of DNA hypomethylation 8 1.4.2 Consequences of DNA hypomethylation 9 1.5 Bladder cancer 10 1.5.1 Pathogenesis of bladder cancer 11 1.5.2 Biomarkers in bladder cancer 13 1.6 Selected genes from microarray studies 15 1.6.1 S100A4 and S100A9 15 1.6.2 SNCG 17 1.6.3 LCN2 18 1.7 Aim of study 19 2.0 Materials and Methods 21 2.1. Tissues, Cells and Materials 21 2.1.1 Bladder and Prostate cancer cell lines 21 2.1.2 Bladder Tissue samples 22 2.2 Chemicals and Regents 24 2.3 Enzymes and antibodies 25 2.4 Kits 25 2.