Design, construction and commissioning of an ortho-TOF mass spectrometer for investigations of exotic nuclei [Elektronische Ressource] / prepared by Sergey Eliseev

Design, Construction and Commissioning of an Ortho-TOF Mass Spectrometer for Investigations of Exotic Nuclei In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor rer. nat. II. Physical Institute Justus-Liebig University Giessen Prepared by: Sergey Eliseev St. Petersburg, Russia Giessen, Germany 2004 Supervisor and Examiner: Prof. Dr. Geissel Examiner: Prof. Dr. Metag Examiner: Prof. Dr. Scheid Contents Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 Basic principles of modern time-of-flight mass spectrometers..................................................................................... 5 1.1 Time-of-flight mass spectrometry.............................................................5 1.2 Radio-frequency quadrupole: ion trapping and cooling .........................13 1.2.1 Introduction13 1.2.2 Theory of trapping and cooling.........................................................15 1.3 Ion sources ..............................................................................................19 1.3.1 Electrospray ion source......................................................................19 1.3.2 Alkali and Alkali Earths ion source ...................................................21 1.3.3 Laser ionization ion source ................................