Applications of physics of stochastic processes to vehicular traffic problems [Elektronische Ressource] / Julia Hinkel, geb. Tolmacheva

Applications of Physicsof Stochastic Processesto Vehicular Traffic ProblemsDissertationzurErlangung des akademischen Gradesdoctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨atder Universit¨at RostockJulia Hinkel, geb. Tolmachevageboren am 06.08.1979 in Charkiv, UkraineRostock, den 27.11.2007Approved, Thesis Committee:First Reader (Supervisor)Priv.-Doz. Dr. Reinhard MahnkeInstitute of Physics,University of Rostock,D–18051 Rostock, Germany.E–mail: reinhard.mahnke@uni-rostock.deSecond Reader (Referee)Prof. Dr. Steffen TrimperDepartment of Physics,Martin Luther University of Halle–Wittenberg,Von–Seckendorff–Platz 1, D–06099, Halle (Saale), Germany.E–mail: trimper@physik.uni-halle.deDefended on October 26th, 2007APrinted on November 26, 2007 using LT X.EAbstractA many–particle system imitating the motion of the vehicular ensemble on a onelane road without crossroads is under study. Taking into account the propertiesof real traffic, both deterministic and stochastic approaches are applied in orderto describe the system dynamics. Despite of the car interaction being local innature, it gives rise to cooperative phenomena that manifests the formation,dissolution and joining of large car clusters. Such processes correspond to thedifferent states of traffic flow which can be treated in terms of phase transitions.