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11
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Français
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Documents
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2005
Description
Santé, Société et Solidarité - Année 2005 - Volume 4 - Numéro 1 - Pages 153-163Tout au long du 20e siècle, l’école française a accueilli des enfants nés en France ou non, de parents étrangers, sans en avoir fait un problème particulier, sans faire de différence entre les élèves et sans que les élèves en fassent: c’était «l’indifférenciation laïque». Dans la période 1970-1980, de jeunes étrangers arrivent massivement, au moment même où le terme de «droit à la différence» semble supplanter le «modèle républicain». Depuis cette date, on peut relever une certaine confusion dans l’enseignement public entre ce qui peut relever de mesures spécifiques ou s’inscrire dans le droit commun. Aujourd’hui, aucune distinction ne peut être faite entre les élèves de 6 à 16 ans pour l’accès au service public de l’éducation. À partir de 1973, se généralisent des classes dites «d’adaptation» pour les primo arrivants non francophones de 12 à 16 ans. En 1986, sous le terme de «structures d’accueil», le dispositif est élargi au secondaire. De leur côté, les centres de formation et d’information pour la scolarisation des enfants de migrants (CEFISEM) favorisent alors une pédagogie «interculturelle» qui tend à isoler artificiellement les jeunes enfants. Tel est le cas de l’enseignement des langues et cultures d’origine (ELCO) dispensé par des maîtres étrangers, coupés des réalités françaises. En 2002, 1 917 classes d’accueil ont accueilli la majorité des 37 000 élèves nouveaux arrivants. Ces classes mettent en oeuvre des actions spécifiques qui, pour être cohérentes, doivent s’articuler avec le droit commun.
Throughout the 20th century, French schools have received children— born or not born in France— of foreign parents without viewing it as a special problem or making any distinction between the students and without the students making any distinction. This was a case of •lay undifferentiation”. During the 1970-1980 period, young foreigners were arriving en masse, at the very time when the term •right to be different” seemed to have replaced the •republican model”. Ever since, a degree of confusion can be observed in public education between what relates to specific measures and what comes under general law. Nowadays, no distinction can be made between 6 to 16 year-old students for access to the public education service. From 1973 onwards, the so-called •adjustment” classes were generalized for non-Francophone newcomers aged 12 to 16. In 1986, under the term •welcoming or preparatory structures”, this mechanism was broadened to secondary education. For their part, the CEFISEM (centres for training and information for the schooling of children of migrants) promoted an •intercultural” pedagogy that tended to artificially isolate young children. This is the case of ELCO, in which heritage languages and cultures are taught by foreign teachers, cut off from French realities. In 2002, 1917 welcoming classes took in the majority of 37,000 students/ newcomers. The classes implement specific actions which, to be coherent, must be articulated with the general law.
11 pages
Throughout the 20th century, French schools have received children— born or not born in France— of foreign parents without viewing it as a special problem or making any distinction between the students and without the students making any distinction. This was a case of •lay undifferentiation”. During the 1970-1980 period, young foreigners were arriving en masse, at the very time when the term •right to be different” seemed to have replaced the •republican model”. Ever since, a degree of confusion can be observed in public education between what relates to specific measures and what comes under general law. Nowadays, no distinction can be made between 6 to 16 year-old students for access to the public education service. From 1973 onwards, the so-called •adjustment” classes were generalized for non-Francophone newcomers aged 12 to 16. In 1986, under the term •welcoming or preparatory structures”, this mechanism was broadened to secondary education. For their part, the CEFISEM (centres for training and information for the schooling of children of migrants) promoted an •intercultural” pedagogy that tended to artificially isolate young children. This is the case of ELCO, in which heritage languages and cultures are taught by foreign teachers, cut off from French realities. In 2002, 1917 welcoming classes took in the majority of 37,000 students/ newcomers. The classes implement specific actions which, to be coherent, must be articulated with the general law.
11 pages
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Publié par
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Publié le
01 janvier 2005
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Langue
Français