educeeuseecycleR3 R's for the new centuryHOME AUDIT KITA Guide to Help Make Your Residencean Environmentally Friendly PlaceDepartment of Ecology Publication # 00-07-030Solid Waste & Financial Assistance Program Revised August 2000P.O. Box 47600Olympia, WA 98504-76001-800-RECYCLEHome AuditContentsPage 3 -- Saving EnergyPage 7 -- Saving Water Inside and OutsidePage 9 -- Reduce, Reuse, RecyclePage 11 --Reducing Hazardous Waste inThe HomePage 12 --An Environmentally FriendlyYardPage 13 --Your Automobile and theEnvironmentPage 15 -- Green Consumerism2Home AuditSAVING ENERGYThe amount of energy we consume is one of the primary factors in determining thequality of our environment. Every step of the energy cycle – the extraction of energyresources such as coal and oil, the conversion of these resources into usable forms inoil refineries and electrical generating facilities, the transportation of the fuels, theiruse in automobiles and furnaces, and the disposal of the wastes produced, are majorsources of air pollution, water contamination and land degradation.Home Heating and CoolingIn this country, more energy is used for heating houses and apartments than for anyother purpose. Of the six billion tons of carbon dioxide (a major contributor toglobal warming) that human activities put into the atmosphere each year, more thanone billion tons come from burning fuel to heat homes. Each kilowatt hour ofelectricity that we use adds about 1.6 pounds ...
educe
euse
ecycleR
3 R's for the new century
HOME AUDIT KIT
A Guide to Help Make Your Residence
an Environmentally Friendly Place
Department of Ecology Publication # 00-07-030
Solid Waste & Financial Assistance Program Revised August 2000
P.O. Box 47600
Olympia, WA 98504-7600
1-800-RECYCLEHome Audit
Contents
Page 3 -- Saving Energy
Page 7 -- Saving Water Inside and Outside
Page 9 -- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Page 11 --Reducing Hazardous Waste in
The Home
Page 12 --An Environmentally Friendly
Yard
Page 13 --Your Automobile and the
Environment
Page 15 -- Green Consumerism
2Home Audit
SAVING ENERGY
The amount of energy we consume is one of the primary factors in determining the
quality of our environment. Every step of the energy cycle – the extraction of energy
resources such as coal and oil, the conversion of these resources into usable forms in
oil refineries and electrical generating facilities, the transportation of the fuels, their
use in automobiles and furnaces, and the disposal of the wastes produced, are major
sources of air pollution, water contamination and land degradation.
Home Heating and Cooling
In this country, more energy is used for heating houses and apartments than for any
other purpose. Of the six billion tons of carbon dioxide (a major contributor to
global warming) that human activities put into the atmosphere each year, more than
one billion tons come from burning fuel to heat homes. Each kilowatt hour of
electricity that we use adds about 1.6 pounds of carbon dioxide to the air. Here are
some things you can do to save energy on heating and cooling your home (they
really can make a difference):
¦ Have an "energy audit" done on your house. Hire a professional (some utility
companies provide energy audits free of charge) or do it yourself. If you do it
yourself, choose a windy day so drafts will be easily detectable. Use a lighted
candle to check for leaks around windows, doors, fireplace dampers, cracks or
holes in walls and ceilings, anyplace where plumbing or wiring fixtures
penetrate walls, floors, or ceilings. A flickering flame will indicate areas where
caulking or weather-stripping is needed. Instead of a candle, you can use a
lighted incense stick and observe which way the smoke goes. Adding caulking
and weather-stripping where they're needed can cut down significantly on heat
loss and keep as much as 1,000 pounds per year of carbon dioxide out of the air.
¦ Have your furnace "tuned up". Oil furnaces should be tested, cleaned, and
adjusted every year; gas furnaces, every two years. This should be done by a
heating technician. An inefficient heating system can waste 20% or more of the If every household inenergy that it uses. An efficiency test is part of the routine cleaning procedure
the U.S. lowered itsfor oil and gas furnaces. Have the technician write the results on your receipt;
keep track from year to year to detect any problems. average heating tem-
peratures six degrees
¦ If your heating system is more than 18 years old (10 to 12 years for heat during a 24-hour
pumps), it may have reached the end of its life expectancy. Consider period, nationwide wereplacing it with a new, energy-efficient system; this will help the environment,
would save the equiva-increase the value of your house, and significantly decrease your utility bills,
lent of more thansince some of the new systems use only half as much energy as old ones.
570,000 barrels of oil
¦ Lower the thermostat in winter. You will cut down on the energy your furnace per day
uses by 2 to 3 percent for every degree that you lower it. Recommended settings
are 65 - 68° during the day and 55° at night. If no one is home during the day,
set it lower than 68.
¦ Install an automatic setback thermostat. Set it to automatically reduce the
temperature at night and during times when no one is at home.
3Home Audit
¦ Find out if your home is sufficiently insulated. A properly insulated attic
can reduce your fuel costs and harmful emissions by 20 to 50 percent. In the
attic, check between the joists. In outside walls, turn off the power to an
electrical outlet, remove the switchplate, and shine a flashlight into the
opening to see whether insulation is present. In basements, check between
floor joists and in walls. See if the insulation is spread evenly and is dry
(insulation loses most of its insulating value when it is wet). Measure the
thickness. As a rule of thumb, 9 to 13 inches of fiberglass insulation is
sufficient for the attic; 3 to 6 inches in the floor and walls.
¦ Also, insulate hot water pipes, heating ducts, and crawl spaces. Ten
percent of the energy you use could be escaping through these areas.
¦ Consider installing a ceiling fan. This can save energy (and money) on air
conditioning by producing air currents that carry heat away from the skin,
making the room feel cooler. Buy a fan with reversible motor, and you can
save on heating as well by recirculating the hot air that rises to the ceiling.
(The air at the ceiling can be as much as 15° warmer than the air at floor
level.)
¦ Install storm windows. An inexpensive alternative to buying storm windows
is to tack clear polyethylene plastic to the outside of your windows.
¦ When installing new windows, keep in mind that double-pane windows
retain twice as much heat as single-pane windows. Double-pane units with
a low-emissivity (low-E) coating often cost no more than units with regular
glass and can double the R-value of the windows. A low-E coating is an
extremely thin metallic layer that lets the sun's warming rays in but doesn't let
them back out.
¦ When buying new windows, don't overlook the importance of the frames
– good wooden frames will prevent a lot of the leakage that would occur with
According to the U.S. aluminum frames.
Department of Energy, if
¦ Make sure the damper on your fireplace is closed; otherwise, 5% of youreach person raised the
heating expense could be going up the chimney.temperature of their air
conditioner by six ¦ Air conditioning units work more efficiently if they are in the shade than
degrees, we would save if they have the hot sun beating down on them. If you cannot locate your unit
about 190,000 barrels of in a shady spot, build a wooden shelter around it to keep the sun off.
oil each day.
¦ Plant trees near your house. Deciduous trees on the south side of the house
let the sun warm the house in winter but provide shade in the summer. They
will cut down on the need for air conditioning by providing shade and cooling
the air through transpiration. They also remove carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.
Water Heater
¦ Set thermostat to 130°F (unless you have a dishwasher with no heater, in
which case 140°F is necessary). Use a thermometer to measure the
temperature; water heater dials are frequently inaccurate.
4Home Audit
¦ Put your hand on the side of the water heater. If it feels warm, it is not
sufficiently insulated. Wrap an insulating blanket around it (available at
hardware stores). You will often recover the cost of the blanket within a few
months. This is especially important if the water heater is in an unheated area.
¦ Every couple of months, drain about two quarts from the valve faucet at the
bottom of the water heater. This will prevent the accumulation of sediment
and will keep the water heater operating efficiently.
Refrigerator
¦ Clean the condenser coils at least once a year (wipe, vacuum, or brush).
¦ Make sure the door gasket is clean and tight: insert a piece of paper between
the door and cabinet and close the door; it should take some effort to pull the
paper out. Do this in several spots along the door.
¦ Check the temperature inside the refrigerator and freezer periodically.
Ideally, the refrigerator portion should be at 38 - 42°F, while the freezer should
be at 0 - 5°F.
¦ If your refrigerator is not a self-defrosting model, ice will tend to form on
the cooling coils. This ice will act as an insulator and will effectively prevent
the coils from doing their job. Defrost the refrigerator if you see a buildup of
ice on the coils.
¦ Keep the refrigerator and freezer fairly full. Food retains cold better than air
does. But be sure to leave enough room for the cold air to circulate.
¦ Plan ahead when you want to defrost food. When you remove it from the
freezer, allow it to defrost slowly in the refrigerator. The coldness contained in
the food will help keep the inside of the refrigerator cool with less work for the
motor.
The nation’s refrigera-
Other Appliances tors consume the yearly
output of about 25 large¦ When buying new appliances, look for the most energy efficient models you
can find. Many of the major appliances are required to display a yellow label power plants, seven
showing their energy efficiency rating (EER). This label will give estimated percent of the total
yearly costs of operating the appliance. Take this cost into consideration when electric consumption in
choosing a model; you may save money in the long run by buying a more the U.S. and more thanexpensive model that will use less energy during its lifetime than a cheaper
50 percent of the energymodel.
produced by nuclear
¦ Microwave ovens can be twice as efficient as conventional ovens for power plants.
relatively small portions, but are the least efficient cooking method for such
items as turkeys, large roasts, etc. A toaster oven is also preferable to a large
conventional oven for heating small amounts of food.
5Home Audit
¦ When preheating a conventional oven, don't preheat longer than
necessary. Ten minutes is usually sufficient. Preheating is not necessary for
broiling or roasting – only for baking.
¦ Don't use the microwave oven to defrost food. Allow food to thaw in the
refrigerator if time allows, or on the counter.
¦ Run the dishwasher only when it is full. Use an energy saving cycle if you
have it, and let the dishes air dry.
¦ Avoid using garbage disposals as much as possible. Give meat scraps to
pets; add vegetable scraps to the compost pi