Amusements in Mathematics (PDF)

Project Gutenberg's Amusements in Mathematics, by Henry Ernest DudeneyThis eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and withalmost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away orre-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License includedwith this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.netTitle: Amusements in MathematicsAuthor: Henry Ernest DudeneyRelease Date: September 17, 2005 [EBook #16713]Language: EnglishCharacter set encoding: ISO-8859-1*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMUSEMENTS IN MATHEMATICS ***Produced by Stephen Schulze, Jonathan Ingram and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.netTranscribers note: Many of the puzzles in this book assume a familiarity with the currency of GreatBritain in the early 1900s. As this is likely not common knowledge for those outside Britain (andpossibly many within,) I am including a chart of relative values.The most common units used were:the Penny, abbreviated: d. (from the Roman penny, denarius)the Shilling, abbreviated: s.the Pound, abbreviated: £There was 12 Pennies to a Shilling and 20 Shillings to a Pound, so there was 240 Pennies in aPound.To further complicate things, there were many coins which were various fractional values ofPennies, Shillings or Pounds.Farthing ¼d.Half-penny ½d.Penny 1d.Three-penny 3d.Sixpence (or tanner) 6d.Shilling (or bob) 1s.Florin or two shilling piece 2s.Half-crown (or half-dollar) 2s. 6d.Double-florin 4s ...