Beyond task and maintenance--defining external functions in groups

tPAPERWORKINGOF MANAGEMENTALFRED P. SLOAN SCHOOLMaintenance:Task andBeyondin GroupsFunctionsExternalDefiningByAnconaDeborah G.CaldwellDavid1987August1918-87WPMASSACHUSETTSINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYMEMORIAL DRIVE50MASSACHUSETTS 02139CAMBRIDGE,Be\ond Task and Maintenance:Defining External Functions in GroupsByDeborah AnconaG.David CaldwellWP 1918-87 August 1987Maintenance: Defining External Functions in GroupsBeyond Task andByDeborah G. AnconaDavid CaldwellManagementSloan School ofM.I.T.Ma. 02139Cambridge,617-253-0568Leavey School of Business AdministrationSanta Clara University Clara, CA 95053408-554-4114FFRO 81988Group Process and Performanceand practitioners have long claimed aAlthough researchersgroup process and performance, resultsrelationship between of studiesactually testing that relationship have been equivocal (Goodman, 1986).There seems to be little concrete evidence that intervening to improve agroup's process actually enhances performance (Kaplan, 1979). Nor does itseem that general models of group behavior allow us to understand why somethan others (Goodman,groups are more effective 1986; Hackman & Morris,1975).Three factors appear to contribute to these equivocal results. First,group have addressmodels of process often failed to the complete range ofgroup behaviors, particularly those that describe how members of the groupinteract with others external to the group (Ancona, 1988). Second,researchers have often ...