Efectividad de la ozonoterapia en un modelo experimental de hipersensibilidad bronquial en cobayo (Effectiveness of ozonetherapy in an experimental model of bronchial hyprereactivity in guinea pig)

Resumen
El asma bronquial es una afección que en la actualidad es objeto de estudio de un gran número de especialistas en todo el mundo por la alta incidencia de muertes que ocasiona y los elevados costos hospitalarios que su atención demanda. Se conoce que el ozono aplicado por vías y dosis adecuadas, produce acciones biológicas con efectos terapéuticos sin causar reacciones adversas. Esto hace posible su empleo en una gran variedad de procesos patológicos como en el asma. En este trabajo se estudió la presión intrabronquial (PIB), IgG y la actividad de la mieloperoxidasa (MPO) en 5 grupos experimentales tratados con la mezcla ozono/oxigeno (MOO) (0,2 y 1,2 mg/kg) y oxigeno (O2 ) (7 mL), donde un grupo fue utilizado en el control de las variables estudiadas y al resto se le aplicó un esquema de hipersensibilidad bronquial con ovoalbúmina. Transcurridas 24 h de la ultima aplicación de la MOO, se determinaron los parámetros siguientes: Presión intrabronquial (PIB), niveles de IgG en el suero y la actividad de la mieloperoxidasa (MPO) en tejido pulmonar y el análisis histopatológico del tejido. Los resultados mostraron una disminución significativa de la PIB, en los niveles de IgG en suero y de la actividad de la MPO en el tejido pulmonar de los animales tratados con la MOO. Histopatológicamente se confirmó una disminución en el infiltrado de neutrófilos en el tejido bronquial de animales tratados con la MOO.
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a disease which is currently studied by many specialists in medicine because is causative of a high morbidity and mortality accompanied of high cost of hospitalization and required medical assistance. It is well known that administration of low concentration of ozone in mixture with oxygen by adequate routes produces biological actions with therapeutic effects and without concomitant adverse reactions. It allows the use of ozone/oxygen mixture (OOM) in various diseases such as bronchial asthma. In this research male guinea pigs were used, which were divided in five experimental groups. The animals were sensibilized with ovalbumin (OA) in order to induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Two groups of guinea pigs were treated with OOM at doses of 0.2 and 1.2 mg/kg, control group was only sensitized with OA. Other group was treated with oxygen alone and the fifth group was the non treated control group. Twenty four hours after the last exposure to OA by inhalation the treatments were performed with ozone by rectal route (15 applications, one daily) 24 hours after the last ozone application, were determined the following parameters: intrabronchial pressure (IBP), IgG levels in serum and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissue. Also a histological study was performed. The results demonstrated a significant decrease of intrabronchial pressure in animals treated with ozone, as well as decrease in MPO activity was also observed in the lungs of these animals, which confirm the decrease of neutrophils infiltration in the lungs by ozone treatment. Ozone also reduced the IgG levels in blood serum as well as the bronchial hyperreactivity in guinea pigs.